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BIM (Building Information Modeling) is a digital working method, also known as the BIM method, that integrates the planning, execution, operation and facility management of buildings on the basis of structured building data. At its core are collaboration between all stakeholders and a shared BIM model as a data model.
Why is BIM important?
- Fewer risks: Standardized data reduces planning errors, clashes and change orders.
- Faster decisions: Transparent quantities, costs and schedules based on reliable data.
- Efficient workflows: Continuous data flow from capture, such as scanning, through modeling to handover and CAFM.
- Open collaboration: Open formats, such as IFC, prevent vendor lock-in and support long-term data usability.
Who works with BIM?
Everyone involved in a building’s life cycle can be integrated into the process. This includes, among others:
- Architects
- Specialist planners
- MEP planners
- Construction companies
- Owners
- Operators
Typical use cases
- Existing building modeling and renovation planning
- Quantity takeoff, cost planning and tendering
- MEP coordination, BIM coordination and clash detection
- Documentation (as-built), handover into operation and maintenance
- Energy assessment, monitoring, digital twin
Common mistakes and iisunderstandings
- “BIM = 3D”: A 3D model without attributes or processes is NOT BIM. The information and process component is what matters.
- Unclear requirements: Missing target definitions, such as LOD/LOI and use cases, lead to overmodeling or undermodeling.
- Media breaks: Manual handovers, inconsistent naming conventions and missing version control create inconsistencies.
- Closed formats: Proprietary isolated systems make collaboration and later use more difficult.
- No quality criteria: Without defined tolerances, checking rules and a change log, reliability decreases.
BIM and CAD
- CAD is primarily used to create geometric 2D drawings.
- BIM is a collaborative, data-centric approach based on intelligent building components, specific attributes and a central data environment, known as a Common Data Environment (CDE). It therefore supports information management.
BIM vs. Existing building modeling
- Existing building modeling creates the model.
- BIM uses the model for collaboration and information management.
FAQ
What is BIM particularly useful for in existing buildings?
For renovation planning, MEP coordination and reliable quantity takeoff.
Which formats support collaboration?
IFC for models and BCF for issue management, ideally within a platform used by all stakeholders.
What does LOD/LOI mean?
Level of Detail / Level of Information. It defines the geometric level of detail and the scope of information for each use case, from an envelope model to detailed building component attributes.